What is the process of division or duplication of a typical cell called?

The process of division or duplication of a typical cell is referred to as mitosis. Mitosis is a fundamental mechanism by which a single cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells, essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of tissues in multicellular organisms.

During mitosis, the cell undergoes a series of well-coordinated steps that include prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, ultimately leading to cytokinesis, where the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two separate cells. This orderly process ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes, maintaining the necessary genetic consistency across cell generations.

Other options refer to different processes: meiosis is involved in the formation of gametes and results in genetic variation; cytokinesis specifically deals with the division of the cytoplasm that follows mitosis; and interphase is the phase where the cell prepares for division by replicating its DNA and acquiring the necessary resources for mitosis.