What is the term for the application of water using small tubes that slowly release water on top of the soil surface?

The term for the application of water using small tubes that slowly release water on top of the soil surface is trickle or drip irrigation. This method involves a system of tubing or piping connected to a water source that delivers water directly to the base of plants in a controlled manner. The slow release of water minimizes evaporation and runoff, making it a highly efficient irrigation method.

By providing water directly to the root zone, trickle irrigation promotes better water retention in the soil, reduces weed growth, and enhances crop yields. It is particularly useful in areas with limited water resources and is widely adopted in various agricultural practices to ensure sustainable water use.

In contrast, flood irrigation inundates the entire field with water, while sprinkler irrigation distributes water over a wider area like rainfall. Surface irrigation relies on gravity to move water across the field, which can lead to uneven distribution and waterlogging. Each method has its advantages, but trickle or drip irrigation stands out for its efficiency and precision in delivering water.